Geisinger: What Causes Breast Lumps?

Throughout life, a person’s body changes — and that includes the breasts. When a difference is noticed in how the breasts feel, it is not necessarily cause for alarm. Most breast lumps are harmless, and many different factors can be responsible for them. Here’s what to know.

Breast lumps are masses that develop within the breast. A person may notice an actual lump or simply some swelling

These lumps may feel different from the surrounding breast tissue. They are typically painless and can feel:

• Soft
• Hard
• Moveable
• Smooth
• Bumpy

Breast lumps can appear in a variety of shapes and sizes.

Causes of Breast Lumps

Most breast lumps, also called masses, are non-cancerous and can result from a variety of causes, including:

Fibrocystic changes
Hormone levels fluctuate, particularly during the menstrual cycle, which can lead to temporarily lumpy areas of breast tissue. These areas may feel tender or sore.

Cysts
Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop within breast tissue. They are more common in premenopausal women.

Fibroadenomas
These benign lumps are often found in women in their 20s and 30s. They may change in size over time and can even disappear completely. Healthcare providers may choose to monitor them for any changes.

Mastitis
Mastitis is a breast infection most common among breastfeeding women. It can sometimes lead to the formation of an abscess, a benign mass within the breast.

Lipomas
Lipomas are non-cancerous fatty tumors that form inside breast tissue.

Breast injury
An injury to the breast can result in the formation of a palpable mass.

Breast cancer
While breast cancer can also cause masses, it is a less common reason for their development. The presence of a breast lump does not necessarily indicate cancer, but it is important to speak with a healthcare provider about any breast changes that persist for more than a month.

Who Is at Risk for Breast Lumps?

Anyone can develop a breast mass, but certain factors may increase the likelihood. A person may be at higher risk if they:

• Have dense breast tissue
• Have a history of breast lumps
• Use hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
• Are between the ages of 18 and 35
• Are pregnant or going through menopause

When to See a Healthcare Provider

Many breast lumps resolve on their own without treatment. However, it is important to contact a healthcare provider if a lump:

• Appears in the breast or armpit
• Does not go away after a few weeks
• Changes in shape, size, or color
• Feels hard

Other reasons to seek medical advice include:

• Nipple inversion or discharge
• Any changes in the appearance or feel of the breast

A healthcare provider can perform an examination or order imaging tests to get a clearer understanding of the issue. They can then offer information, recommend appropriate treatment, or refer the individual to a specialist if needed.

For the latest health and wellness tips and advice, visit geisinger.org/balance.

Ebonee B. Carter, DO, diagnostic radiology